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📄 ABORT.7(2.2 KB)
📄 ALTER_AGGREGATE.7(3.53 KB)
📄 ALTER_COLLATION.7(2.8 KB)
📄 ALTER_CONVERSION.7(2.9 KB)
📄 ALTER_DATABASE.7(5.28 KB)
📄 ALTER_DEFAULT_PRIVILEGES.7(6.39 KB)
📄 ALTER_DOMAIN.7(6.79 KB)
📄 ALTER_EXTENSION.7(6.54 KB)
📄 ALTER_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER.7(4.37 KB)
📄 ALTER_FOREIGN_TABLE.7(7.6 KB)
📄 ALTER_FUNCTION.7(7.62 KB)
📄 ALTER_GROUP.7(3 KB)
📄 ALTER_INDEX.7(4.51 KB)
📄 ALTER_LANGUAGE.7(2.1 KB)
📄 ALTER_LARGE_OBJECT.7(1.97 KB)
📄 ALTER_OPERATOR.7(3.01 KB)
📄 ALTER_OPERATOR_CLASS.7(2.85 KB)
📄 ALTER_OPERATOR_FAMILY.7(9.09 KB)
📄 ALTER_ROLE.7(8.23 KB)
📄 ALTER_SCHEMA.7(2.31 KB)
📄 ALTER_SEQUENCE.7(7.52 KB)
📄 ALTER_SERVER.7(3.4 KB)
📄 ALTER_TABLE.7(30.51 KB)
📄 ALTER_TABLESPACE.7(3.27 KB)
📄 ALTER_TEXT_SEARCH_CONFIGURATION.7(4.8 KB)
📄 ALTER_TEXT_SEARCH_DICTIONARY.7(4.03 KB)
📄 ALTER_TEXT_SEARCH_PARSER.7(2.27 KB)
📄 ALTER_TEXT_SEARCH_TEMPLATE.7(2.31 KB)
📄 ALTER_TRIGGER.7(2.51 KB)
📄 ALTER_TYPE.7(6.87 KB)
📄 ALTER_USER.7(2.49 KB)
📄 ALTER_USER_MAPPING.7(3.28 KB)
📄 ALTER_VIEW.7(3.89 KB)
📄 ANALYZE.7(7.52 KB)
📄 BEGIN.7(4.08 KB)
📄 CHECKPOINT.7(2.32 KB)
📄 CLOSE.7(2.76 KB)
📄 CLUSTER.7(6.26 KB)
📄 COMMENT.7(9 KB)
📄 COMMIT.7(2.12 KB)
📄 COMMIT_PREPARED.7(2.61 KB)
📄 COPY.7(26.12 KB)
📄 CREATE_AGGREGATE.7(9.44 KB)
📄 CREATE_CAST.7(14.07 KB)
📄 CREATE_COLLATION.7(4.01 KB)
📄 CREATE_CONVERSION.7(3.82 KB)
📄 CREATE_DATABASE.7(7.86 KB)
📄 CREATE_DOMAIN.7(5.37 KB)
📄 CREATE_EXTENSION.7(5.67 KB)
📄 CREATE_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER.7(5.08 KB)
📄 CREATE_FOREIGN_TABLE.7(4.7 KB)
📄 CREATE_FUNCTION.7(21.62 KB)
📄 CREATE_GROUP.7(2.17 KB)
📄 CREATE_INDEX.7(18.72 KB)
📄 CREATE_LANGUAGE.7(9.86 KB)
📄 CREATE_OPERATOR.7(6.92 KB)
📄 CREATE_OPERATOR_CLASS.7(8.54 KB)
📄 CREATE_OPERATOR_FAMILY.7(3.64 KB)
📄 CREATE_ROLE.7(12.18 KB)
📄 CREATE_RULE.7(7.91 KB)
📄 CREATE_SCHEMA.7(5.4 KB)
📄 CREATE_SEQUENCE.7(9.11 KB)
📄 CREATE_SERVER.7(3.68 KB)
📄 CREATE_TABLE.7(39.83 KB)
📄 CREATE_TABLESPACE.7(3.52 KB)
📄 CREATE_TABLE_AS.7(7.94 KB)
📄 CREATE_TEXT_SEARCH_CONFIGURATION.7(3.25 KB)
📄 CREATE_TEXT_SEARCH_DICTIONARY.7(3.39 KB)
📄 CREATE_TEXT_SEARCH_PARSER.7(3.61 KB)
📄 CREATE_TEXT_SEARCH_TEMPLATE.7(3.43 KB)
📄 CREATE_TRIGGER.7(15.11 KB)
📄 CREATE_TYPE.7(28.33 KB)
📄 CREATE_USER.7(2.48 KB)
📄 CREATE_USER_MAPPING.7(3.31 KB)
📄 CREATE_VIEW.7(7.13 KB)
📄 DEALLOCATE.7(2.05 KB)
📄 DECLARE.7(10.26 KB)
📄 DELETE.7(7.39 KB)
📄 DISCARD.7(2.53 KB)
📄 DO.7(3.13 KB)
📄 DROP_AGGREGATE.7(2.58 KB)
📄 DROP_CAST.7(2.29 KB)
📄 DROP_COLLATION.7(2.34 KB)
📄 DROP_CONVERSION.7(2.4 KB)
📄 DROP_DATABASE.7(2.41 KB)
📄 DROP_DOMAIN.7(2.25 KB)
📄 DROP_EXTENSION.7(2.64 KB)
📄 DROP_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER.7(2.52 KB)
📄 DROP_FOREIGN_TABLE.7(2.5 KB)
📄 DROP_FUNCTION.7(3.27 KB)
📄 DROP_GROUP.7(1.6 KB)
📄 DROP_INDEX.7(2.99 KB)
📄 DROP_LANGUAGE.7(2.77 KB)
📄 DROP_OPERATOR.7(2.9 KB)
📄 DROP_OPERATOR_CLASS.7(3.38 KB)
📄 DROP_OPERATOR_FAMILY.7(3.16 KB)
📄 DROP_OWNED.7(3.02 KB)
📄 DROP_ROLE.7(3.08 KB)
📄 DROP_RULE.7(2.2 KB)
📄 DROP_SCHEMA.7(2.55 KB)
📄 DROP_SEQUENCE.7(2.38 KB)
📄 DROP_SERVER.7(2.3 KB)
📄 DROP_TABLE.7(2.88 KB)
📄 DROP_TABLESPACE.7(2.51 KB)
📄 DROP_TEXT_SEARCH_CONFIGURATION.7(2.76 KB)
📄 DROP_TEXT_SEARCH_DICTIONARY.7(2.67 KB)
📄 DROP_TEXT_SEARCH_PARSER.7(2.58 KB)
📄 DROP_TEXT_SEARCH_TEMPLATE.7(2.61 KB)
📄 DROP_TRIGGER.7(2.52 KB)
📄 DROP_TYPE.7(2.43 KB)
📄 DROP_USER.7(1.68 KB)
📄 DROP_USER_MAPPING.7(2.59 KB)
📄 DROP_VIEW.7(2.34 KB)
📄 END.7(2.21 KB)
📄 EXECUTE.7(2.96 KB)
📄 EXPLAIN.7(12.89 KB)
📄 FETCH.7(8.52 KB)
📄 GRANT.7(21.41 KB)
📄 INSERT.7(8.74 KB)
📄 LISTEN.7(3.53 KB)
📄 LOAD.7(2.58 KB)
📄 LOCK.7(7.92 KB)
📄 MOVE.7(2.96 KB)
📄 NOTIFY.7(7.96 KB)
📄 PREPARE.7(6.2 KB)
📄 PREPARE_TRANSACTION.7(5.77 KB)
📄 REASSIGN_OWNED.7(3.08 KB)
📄 REINDEX.7(7.85 KB)
📄 RELEASE_SAVEPOINT.7(3.06 KB)
📄 RESET.7(2.96 KB)
📄 REVOKE.7(10.46 KB)
📄 ROLLBACK.7(2.12 KB)
📄 ROLLBACK_PREPARED.7(2.64 KB)
📄 ROLLBACK_TO_SAVEPOINT.7(4.01 KB)
📄 SAVEPOINT.7(3.55 KB)
📄 SECURITY_LABEL.7(5.29 KB)
📄 SELECT.7(52.77 KB)
📄 SELECT_INTO.7(4.53 KB)
📄 SET.7(7.46 KB)
📄 SET_CONSTRAINTS.7(4.56 KB)
📄 SET_ROLE.7(4.38 KB)
📄 SET_SESSION_AUTHORIZATION.7(3.92 KB)
📄 SET_TRANSACTION.7(8.44 KB)
📄 SHOW.7(4.25 KB)
📄 START_TRANSACTION.7(2.93 KB)
📄 TABLE.7(18 B)
📄 TRUNCATE.7(6.24 KB)
📄 UNLISTEN.7(2.77 KB)
📄 UPDATE.7(10.63 KB)
📄 VACUUM.7(7.09 KB)
📄 VALUES.7(6.97 KB)
📄 WITH.7(18 B)

Editing: INSERT.7

'\" t
.\"     Title: INSERT
.\"    Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 2017-11-06
.\"    Manual: PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation
.\"    Source: PostgreSQL 9.2.24
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "INSERT" "7" "2017-11-06" "PostgreSQL 9.2.24" "PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "NAME"
INSERT \- create new rows in a table
.\" INSERT
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.nf
[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] \fIwith_query\fR [, \&.\&.\&.] ]
INSERT INTO \fItable_name\fR [ ( \fIcolumn_name\fR [, \&.\&.\&.] ) ]
    { DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { \fIexpression\fR | DEFAULT } [, \&.\&.\&.] ) [, \&.\&.\&.] | \fIquery\fR }
    [ RETURNING * | \fIoutput_expression\fR [ [ AS ] \fIoutput_name\fR ] [, \&.\&.\&.] ]
.fi
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBINSERT\fR
inserts new rows into a table\&. One can insert one or more rows specified by value expressions, or zero or more rows resulting from a query\&.
.PP
The target column names can be listed in any order\&. If no list of column names is given at all, the default is all the columns of the table in their declared order; or the first
\fIN\fR
column names, if there are only
\fIN\fR
columns supplied by the
VALUES
clause or
\fIquery\fR\&. The values supplied by the
VALUES
clause or
\fIquery\fR
are associated with the explicit or implicit column list left\-to\-right\&.
.PP
Each column not present in the explicit or implicit column list will be filled with a default value, either its declared default value or null if there is none\&.
.PP
If the expression for any column is not of the correct data type, automatic type conversion will be attempted\&.
.PP
The optional
RETURNING
clause causes
\fBINSERT\fR
to compute and return value(s) based on each row actually inserted\&. This is primarily useful for obtaining values that were supplied by defaults, such as a serial sequence number\&. However, any expression using the table\*(Aqs columns is allowed\&. The syntax of the
RETURNING
list is identical to that of the output list of
\fBSELECT\fR\&.
.PP
You must have
INSERT
privilege on a table in order to insert into it\&. If a column list is specified, you only need
INSERT
privilege on the listed columns\&. Use of the
RETURNING
clause requires
SELECT
privilege on all columns mentioned in
RETURNING\&. If you use the
\fIquery\fR
clause to insert rows from a query, you of course need to have
SELECT
privilege on any table or column used in the query\&.
.SH "PARAMETERS"
.PP
\fIwith_query\fR
.RS 4
The
WITH
clause allows you to specify one or more subqueries that can be referenced by name in the
\fBINSERT\fR
query\&. See
Section 7.8, \(lqWITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)\(rq, in the documentation
and
\fBSELECT\fR(7)
for details\&.
.sp
It is possible for the
\fIquery\fR
(\fBSELECT\fR
statement) to also contain a
WITH
clause\&. In such a case both sets of
\fIwith_query\fR
can be referenced within the
\fIquery\fR, but the second one takes precedence since it is more closely nested\&.
.RE
.PP
\fItable_name\fR
.RS 4
The name (optionally schema\-qualified) of an existing table\&.
.RE
.PP
\fIcolumn_name\fR
.RS 4
The name of a column in the table named by
\fItable_name\fR\&. The column name can be qualified with a subfield name or array subscript, if needed\&. (Inserting into only some fields of a composite column leaves the other fields null\&.)
.RE
.PP
DEFAULT VALUES
.RS 4
All columns will be filled with their default values\&.
.RE
.PP
\fIexpression\fR
.RS 4
An expression or value to assign to the corresponding column\&.
.RE
.PP
DEFAULT
.RS 4
The corresponding column will be filled with its default value\&.
.RE
.PP
\fIquery\fR
.RS 4
A query (\fBSELECT\fR
statement) that supplies the rows to be inserted\&. Refer to the
\fBSELECT\fR(7)
statement for a description of the syntax\&.
.RE
.PP
\fIoutput_expression\fR
.RS 4
An expression to be computed and returned by the
\fBINSERT\fR
command after each row is inserted\&. The expression can use any column names of the table named by
\fItable_name\fR\&. Write
*
to return all columns of the inserted row(s)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fIoutput_name\fR
.RS 4
A name to use for a returned column\&.
.RE
.SH "OUTPUTS"
.PP
On successful completion, an
\fBINSERT\fR
command returns a command tag of the form
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT \fIoid\fR \fIcount\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
The
\fIcount\fR
is the number of rows inserted\&. If
\fIcount\fR
is exactly one, and the target table has OIDs, then
\fIoid\fR
is the
OID
assigned to the inserted row\&. Otherwise
\fIoid\fR
is zero\&.
.PP
If the
\fBINSERT\fR
command contains a
RETURNING
clause, the result will be similar to that of a
\fBSELECT\fR
statement containing the columns and values defined in the
RETURNING
list, computed over the row(s) inserted by the command\&.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.PP
Insert a single row into table
films:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO films VALUES
    (\*(AqUA502\*(Aq, \*(AqBananas\*(Aq, 105, \*(Aq1971\-07\-13\*(Aq, \*(AqComedy\*(Aq, \*(Aq82 minutes\*(Aq);
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
In this example, the
len
column is omitted and therefore it will have the default value:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
    VALUES (\*(AqT_601\*(Aq, \*(AqYojimbo\*(Aq, 106, \*(Aq1961\-06\-16\*(Aq, \*(AqDrama\*(Aq);
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This example uses the
DEFAULT
clause for the date columns rather than specifying a value:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO films VALUES
    (\*(AqUA502\*(Aq, \*(AqBananas\*(Aq, 105, DEFAULT, \*(AqComedy\*(Aq, \*(Aq82 minutes\*(Aq);
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
    VALUES (\*(AqT_601\*(Aq, \*(AqYojimbo\*(Aq, 106, DEFAULT, \*(AqDrama\*(Aq);
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
To insert a row consisting entirely of default values:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO films DEFAULT VALUES;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
To insert multiple rows using the multirow
\fBVALUES\fR
syntax:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind) VALUES
    (\*(AqB6717\*(Aq, \*(AqTampopo\*(Aq, 110, \*(Aq1985\-02\-10\*(Aq, \*(AqComedy\*(Aq),
    (\*(AqHG120\*(Aq, \*(AqThe Dinner Game\*(Aq, 140, DEFAULT, \*(AqComedy\*(Aq);
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This example inserts some rows into table
films
from a table
tmp_films
with the same column layout as
films:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO films SELECT * FROM tmp_films WHERE date_prod < \*(Aq2004\-05\-07\*(Aq;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This example inserts into array columns:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-\- Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts\-and\-crosses
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3])
    VALUES (1, \*(Aq{{" "," "," "},{" "," "," "},{" "," "," "}}\*(Aq);
\-\- The subscripts in the above example aren\*(Aqt really needed
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board)
    VALUES (2, \*(Aq{{X," "," "},{" ",O," "},{" ",X," "}}\*(Aq);
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Insert a single row into table
distributors, returning the sequence number generated by the
DEFAULT
clause:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) VALUES (DEFAULT, \*(AqXYZ Widgets\*(Aq)
   RETURNING did;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Increment the sales count of the salesperson who manages the account for Acme Corporation, and record the whole updated row along with current time in a log table:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
WITH upd AS (
  UPDATE employees SET sales_count = sales_count + 1 WHERE id =
    (SELECT sales_person FROM accounts WHERE name = \*(AqAcme Corporation\*(Aq)
    RETURNING *
)
INSERT INTO employees_log SELECT *, current_timestamp FROM upd;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.PP
\fBINSERT\fR
conforms to the SQL standard, except that the
RETURNING
clause is a
PostgreSQL
extension, as is the ability to use
WITH
with
\fBINSERT\fR\&. Also, the case in which a column name list is omitted, but not all the columns are filled from the
VALUES
clause or
\fIquery\fR, is disallowed by the standard\&.
.PP
Possible limitations of the
\fIquery\fR
clause are documented under
\fBSELECT\fR(7)\&.

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